Challenges of Water Treatment Systems to Reduce Exposure Scenarios and Involuntary Ingestion of Drugs Through Drinking Water
Desafíos de los Sistemas de Tratamiento de Agua para Reducir Escenarios de Exposición e Ingesta Involuntaria de Fármacos a Través del Agua Potable
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This critical review is focused on the discussion of the presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in raw and drinking water and the low efficiency of drinking water treatment plants on the removal of these micropollutants. The production of high-quality and safe drinking water is an important issue that represents one of the most critical challenges in the last years. The presence of Micropollutants, as PPPCs, and involuntary intake through drinking water entail significant health risks for the population. The high consumption of drugs by the population for the treatment of diseases and infections has exacerbated environmental and bacterial resistance problems in different contexts. These types of problems do not occur at a local level but rather at a global level. An example of that is the pandemic of COVID-19, which has had a large impact in the world, increasing the consumption of a drug group used to face the coronavirus disease. In this way, the probability to find these drugs in raw and drinking water is increased because of the risk of the virus mutation due to the development of resistant strains through continuous exposure to drugs.
The drinking water treatment system could be another barrier for controlling the spread and involuntary intake of drugs. However, the limited studies in this field suggest that conventional drinking water systems have a low efficiency to remove them. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the knowledge about the presence of these drugs in water sources for human consumption and the possibilities of drinking water treatment systems to avoid the involuntary ingestion of these drugs through drinking water.
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