Modelo estadístico para el análisis de variables negativas con aplicación a pruebas de contracción en concreto
Statistical model for analizing negative variables with application to compression test on concrete
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Resumen
En algunas áreas de conocimiento se pueden presentar fenómenos que son representados por variables aleatorias negativas (ℝ-) ; contar con un modelo estadístico es crucial para representar esos fenómenos y explicarlos en función de otras variables auxiliares. En este trabajo se propone un modelo de regresión para el análisis de variables aleatorias negativas tomando como distribución para la variable respuesta la distribución Weibull reflejada. En este artículo reportamos el paquete RelDists creado en el lenguaje de programación R para facilitar el uso del modelo de regresión propuesto. Por medio de un estudio de simulación Monte Carlo se exploró el desempeño del proceso de estimación de parámetros. En el estudio de simulación se consideraron dos casos: sin covariables y con covariables. El primer caso se refiere a la situación en la cual sólo se tiene la variable respuesta y con ella se deben estimar los parámetros de la distribución. En el segundo caso se tiene la variable respuesta y variables explicativas que en conjunto se usan para estimar los parámetros del modelo de regresión. Adicionalmente, en el estudio de simulación se consideraron datos censurados y no censurados. Del estudio se encontró que el proceso de estimación logra estimar bien los parámetros del modelo a medida que el tamaño de la muestra aumenta y que el porcentaje de censura disminuye. En el artículo se muestra una aplicación del modelo propuesto usando datos experimentales provenientes de una prueba de contracción con probetas de concreto. En la aplicación se construyó un modelo para explicar la contracción de las probetas en función del tiempo. El modelo de regresión para variables aleatorias negativa y el paquete RelDists pueden ser usados por comunidades académicas, científicas y de negocios para el desarrollo de análisis de confiabilidad.
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